ACTIVE PASSIVE FOR ALL CLASSES
Types of Voices of Verb
Verbs have two voices (i) Active Voice (ii) Passive Voice
Active Voice – When an action performed by the subject is expressed by the verb, it is an active voice. Active voice is used when more straightforward relation and clarity is required between the subject and the verb.
Active Voice example:
- Hens lay eggs.
- Birds build nests.
Passive Voice – When the action expressed by the verb is received by the subject, it is passive voice. Passive voice is used when the doer of the action is not known and the focus of the sentence is on the action and not the subject.
Passive Voice Examples:
- Eggs are laid by hens.
- Nests are built by birds.
Rules for Active – Passive Voice Conversions
Rule 1. Identify the (S+V+O) Subject, Verb and object in the active sentence to convert to passive voice
Example:
He drives car. (Subject – He, verb – Drives, object – Car)
Rule 2. Interchange the object and subject with each other, i.e. object of the active sentence become the subject of the passive sentence.
Example :
Active voice : She knits sweater. (Subject – She, Verb – Knits, Object – Sweater)
Passive Voice : The sweater is knitted by her. (Object sweater is interchanged with the subject She).
Rule 3. In passive voice sometimes the subject is not used, i.e. the subject in passive voice can be omitted if the sentence without it gives enough meaning.
Example :
Milk is sold in litres
Rule 4. Change the base verb in the active sentence into the past participle ie. third form verb in a passive sentence i.e. preceded by (By, With, to, etc). Base verbs are never used in passive voice sentences.
Example:
- Active voice: She prepares dinner.
- Passive voice: The dinner is prepared by her.
- Active voice: She knows him.
- Passive voice: He is known to her.
- Active voice: Juice fills the jar.
- Passive voice: The jar is filled with juice.
Rule 5. While conversion of Active voice sentence to Passive voice sentence, the pronoun used in the sentence also changes in the following manner.
| Active Voice Pronoun | Passive Voice Pronoun |
| I | Me |
| We | Us |
| He | Him |
| She | Her |
| They | Them |
| You | You |
| It | It |
Rule 6. Use the suitable helping or auxiliary verb (is/am/are/was, etc.). The rules for using auxiliary verbs in passive voice sentences are different for each tense.
Example:
- The letter is written by her
- A book was not bought by her
- Chocolates are being eaten by them.
Forms of Active And Passive Voice For All Tenses
| Active Sentences | Passive Sentences |
| He writes an essay | An essay is written by him |
| Sheena does the housework | The housework is done by Sheena |
| She cares for the rabbit | The rabbit is being cared for by her |
| Jacob always plays the guitar | The guitar is always played by Jacob |
| Active Sentences | Passive Sentences |
| They are eating bananas | The bananas are being eaten by them |
| Bob is drawing a diagram | A diagram is being drawn by Bob |
| Samta is playing the piano | A piano is being played by Samta |
| She is waiting for Reema | Reema is being waited for by her |
| Active Sentences | Passive Sentences |
| Has he done the work? | Has the work been done by him? |
| Have they left the apartment? | Has the apartment been left by them? |
| He created this masterpiece | This masterpiece is created by him |
| He read the newspaper | The newspaper is being read by him |
Note- [except certain exemptions, no passive Voice formation for the following tenses can be formed, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Perfect Continuous Tense and Future Continuous Tense]
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Ria paid the bills | The bills were paid by Ria |
| The teacher called the student | The student was called by the teacher |
| She did not buy the fruits | The fruits were not bought by her |
- Past Progressive/Continuous Tense
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| They were waiting for him | He was being waited for by them |
| Astha was learning French | French was being learnt by Astha |
| She was playing kabaddi | Kabaddi was being played by her |
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| She won the match | The match had been won by her |
| I had finished her work | Her work had been finished by me |
| He had missed the last metro | The last metro had been missed by him |
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| He will write a letter | A letter will be written by him |
| He will repair her cycle | Her cycle will be repaired by him |
| He shall start the meeting | The meeting will be started by him |
| Active Voice | Passive Voice |
| Meena will not have changed the bedsheet | The bed sheet will not have been changed by Meena |
| They will have won the match | The match will have been won by them |
| Reena will have washed the skirt | The skirt will have been washed by Reena
|
There is no Passive Voice formation for these tenses-
1.) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
2.) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
3.) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
4.) Future Continuous Tense
Active: Kriya will sew the bag.
Passive: The bag will be sewed by Kriya.
Active: Disha will not arrange the things.
Passive: The things will not be arranged by Disha.
Active: Will you mop the floor?
Passive: Will the floor be mopped by you?
Active: They will post the letter.
Passive: The letter will be posted.
Active: Reena will save money.
Passive: Money will be saved by Reena
Active: They will have brought the toy.
Passive: The toy will have been brought by them.
Active: Nimesh will not have changed the table cover.
Passive: The table cover will not have been changed by Nimesh.
Active: Will she have written the notes.
Passive: Will the notes have been written by her?
Active: They will have won the match.
Passive: The match will have been won by them.
Active: Vijay will have washed a shirt.
Passive: A shirt will have been washed by Vijay.
.Active : Millions of people will have lost their jobs due to corona.
Passive Jobs will have been lost by millions of people due to corona.
Active : He made a plan.
Passive : A plan was made by him.
Active : The Indian Army will have pushed back the Chinese Army by then.
Passive The Chinese Army will have been pushed back by the Indian Army by then.
Active :Why are you making noise?
Passive :Why is noise being made by you?
Active : Did he understand the lesson?
Passive :Was the lesson understood by him?
Active : Shut the door.
Passive : Let the door be shut.
Exercise
- Vineeta sings beautiful songs.
- Riya helps everyone.
- Pooja was being beaten by her teacher.
- Lucky is helped by Steve
- The builder is building the tower.
- The woodcutter cuts the wood.
- The man dropped the ashes into the river.
- The parrot was shot by the naughty boy.
- By whom was German taught to you?
- Vipin lost the money.
- Shreya Ghoshal sings beautiful songs.
- The Sun sets in the West.
- The boy was being beaten by his teacher.
- Bucky is helped by Steve.
- The carpenter is building the desk.
- The woodcutter cut down the tree.
- The man dropped his axe into the river.
- The bird was shot by the naughty boy.
- The bag was found by me.
- Natasha lost the money.
- The farmer will plough the field.
- The work will be finished by the workers in a day.
- The enemy has entered the war zone.
- Who sang the song?
- The children teased the animals.
- The dog chased the cat.
- The dog bit the boy.
- The peon rang the bell.
- Ram played hockey.
- Miss Mary teaches us English.
- Raj caught the ball.
- Children like sweets.
- Rita will take a photograph.
- Who taught you this poem?
- The police arrested the smuggler.
- Shiva was flying a kite.
- The hunter shot the deer.
- The lion attacked the zebra.
- Virat threw the ball.
- Everyone loves Zara.
- My sister has drawn this portrait.
- The people were helping the wounded woman.
- Sam had taken the medicines.
- The player is taking extra time.
- The cat ate the fish.
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